Direct and Indirect Speech tips free download pdf file mediafire links (We may quote his actual words. This is called Direct Speech.)

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DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH

We may report the words of a speaker in two ways:-

(i) We may quote his actual words. This is called Direct Speech.

(ii) We may report what he said without quoting his exact words. This is called Indirect

(or Reported) Speech.

Direct. -- Rama said. “I am very busy now.”

Indirect. -- Rama said that he was very busy then.

It will be noticed that in Direct Speech, we use inverted commas to mark off the exact

words of the speaker. In Indirect Speech we do not. It will be further noticed that in

changing the above Direct Speech into Indirect certain changes have been made. Thus:

(i) We have used the conjunction that before the Indirect statement.(The that is often

omitted especially in spoken English)

(ii) The pronoun I is changed to he. (The Pronoun is changed in Person.)

(iii) The verb am is changed to was. (Present Tense is changed to Past.)

(iv) The adverb now is changed to then.

Rules for changing Direct Speech into Indirect

 When the reporting or principal verb is in the Past Tense, all Present tenses of the

Direct are changed into the corresponding Past Tenses. Thus:-

(a) A simple present becomes a simple past.

Direct. -- He said, “I am unwell.”

Indirect. -- He said (that) he was unwell.

(b) A present continuous becomes a past continuous.

Direct. -- He said, “My master is writing letters.”

Indirect. -- He said (that) his master was writing letters.

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